在公司接触到Collections.unmodifiableList( 觉得以下这篇文章写得很好,说 明了它的应用场景。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 在《重构——改善既有代码的设计》一书中,有一种重构手法叫Encapsulate Collection (封装集群),为了演示该重构手法,我写了四个类,通过对比重构前后的代码,加深对这一重构手法的理解。类Student有一ArrayList属性,如果没有阅读《重构——改善既有代码的设计》一书, 很多人可能会像我一样,如下设计类Student。但是,如果通过Student.getCourses()获得对ArrayList属性引用后,就可以任意为Student对象添加“课程”,而Student对象对此一无所知,这不符合面向对象编程的习惯。package com.readonlylist; import java.util.ArrayList; public class Student { private String name;private ArrayList<String> courses; public Student(String name, ArrayList<String> courses) { this.name = name; this.courses = courses; } public ArrayList<String> getCourses() { return courses; }public void setCourses(ArrayList<String> courses) { this.courses = courses; }public String getName() { return name; }public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }package com.readonlylist; import java.util.ArrayList; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); list.add("001"); list.add("002"); Student s = new Student("Tom", list); ArrayList<String> anotherList = s.getCourses(); anotherList.add("999"); System.out.println("Tom's course.length = " + s.getCourses().size()); }}重构后的Student类如下所示: package com.readonlylist; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections;import java.util.List;public class Student1 { private String name;private ArrayList<String> courses; public Student1(String name, ArrayList<String> courses) { this.name = name; this.courses = courses; }public String getName() { return name; }public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void addCourse(String course) { courses.add(course); } public String removeCourse(String course) { boolean removed = courses.remove(courses); if (removed) { return course; } else { return null; } } public List<String> getCourses() { return Collections.unmodifiableList(courses); }}package com.readonlylist; import java.util.List; import java.util.ArrayList;public class Test1 { public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); list.add("001"); list.add("002"); Student1 s = new Student1("Tom", list); List<String> anotherList = s.getCourses(); /** * throws java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException * should replace with s.addCourse(String course) */ anotherList.add("999"); // never reached System.out.println("Tom's course.length = " + s.getCourses().size()); }}重构后,Student1类,仅对外提供的getCourses()方法,而没有setCourses()方法,而且 通过getCourses()方法获得的courses是“只读的”,如果你试图向其添加一个新课程,则抛出java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException。你必须通过Student1.addCourse()来向特定的Student1对象添加一个新课程。就好像,你必须让顾客自己向购物车里放食物,而不能在顾客毫不知情下,偷偷向其购物车里放食物。真是万物皆通情理啊:) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 原文地址: |